美國國家農業圖書館 CSA 資料

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Introduction

Community Supported Agriculture consists of a community of individuals who pledge support to a farm operation so that the farmland becomes, either legally or spiritually, the community's farm, with the growers and consumers providing mutual support and sharing the risks and benefits of food production.

In a traditional CSA model…

  • Members share the risks and benefits of food production with the farmer.
  • Members buy a share of the farm’s production before each growing season.
  • In return, they receive regular distributions of the farm’s bounty throughout the season.
  • The farmer receives advance working capital, gains financial security, earns better crop prices, and benefits from the direct marketing plan.

"Current business models for CSAs are diverse and innovative. Producers have adapted the CSA model to fit a variety of emerging direct marketing opportunities, including:

  • Institutional health and wellness programs;
  • Multi-farm systems to increase scale and scope;
  • Season extension technologies; and
  • Incorporating value-added products, offering flexible shares, and flexible electronic purchasing and other e-commerce marketing tools."

T. Woods, M. Ernst, and D. Tropp. Community Supported Agriculture – New Models for Changing Markets. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service, April 2017.

Find Local Food and CSAs Near You

  • Local Harvest(link is external)
  • AgMap(link is external)- Search the Business category for the term Community Supported Agriculture or use the Advanced Search(link is external) to find a local CSA.

Search State and regional farm directories

  • Local Food Directories:Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Directory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. The CSA Directory lists farm or network/association of multiple farms that offer consumers regular (usually weekly) deliveries of locally-grown farm products during one or more harvest season(s) on a subscription or membership basis.

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What is Community Supported Agriculture

  • Community Supported Agriculture – New Models for Changing Markets. Timothy Woods, Matthew Ernst, and Debra Tropp. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. April 2017.
  • Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)(link is external). Kathleen M. Kelley, Lynn F. Kime and Jayson K. Harper. Penn State Extension. 2014.
  • Community Supported Agriculture: An Introduction.(link is external) Biodynamic Association.
  • Community Supported Agriculture(link is external). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
  • Defining Community Supported Agriculture. An excerpt from "Community Supported Agriculture (CSA): An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide". U.S. Department of Agriculture, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC). 1993.

Marketing through Community Supported Agriculture

  • Decision Tools.(link is external) University of Kentucky. Center for Crop Diversification.
  • A Farmer’s Guide to Marketing through Community Supported Agriculture (CSAs)(link is external). Megan L. Bruch and Matthew D. Ernst. University of Tennessee. Institute of Agriculture. December 2010.
  • What is Community Supported Agriculture? (link is external)University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Extension Service. Reviewed 01/2016.

History

  • Eating for Your Community: A Report from the Founder of Community Supported Agriculture(link is external). Robyn Van En. (1995) In Context, Fall 1995, p, 29.
  • History of Community Supported Agriculture, Unit 3.1(link is external) (Teaching Direct Marketing and Small Farm Viability: Resources for Instructors. 2016) Center for Agroecology Sustainable Food Systems, University of California, Santa Cruz.
  • It's Not Just About Vegetables(link is external). 1986. A video documentary of Indian Line Farm, one of the first Community Supported Agriculture projects in North America. Produced by Mickey Friedman and John MacGruer. Great Barrington, MA: Downtown Productions, 2006

Surveys and Statistics

  • Data collected in 2015 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture indicates that 7,398 farms in the United States sold products directly to consumers through a community supported agriculture (CSA) arrangement. CSA's accounted for $226 million (or 7 percent) of the $3 billion in direct-to-consumer sales by farms. See:  Direct Farm Sales of Food. Results of the 2015 Local Food Marketing Practices Survey. December 2016. See:  2015 Local Food Marketing Practices Survey
  • Data collected in 2012 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture indicates that 12,617 farms in the United States reported marketing products through a community supported agriculture (CSA) arrangement, a 0.5 percent increase over the 12,549 farms marketing through CSAs in 2007.  Information by state also is available.
    • 2012FTable 43. Selected Practices: 2012. In 2012 Census of Agriculture - State Data. p. 558. (2014) U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. See the column titled, "Marketed products through Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) (farms)" to find the number of farms that answered yes to the question, "At any time during 2012, did this operation market products through a community supported agriculture (CSA) arrangement?" See also: 2012 Census of Agriculture Highlights: Farmers Marketing See also: 2012 USDA Census of Agriculture Publications
    • 2007Table 44. Selected Practices: 2007. In 2007 Census of Agriculture - State Data. p. 606. (2009) U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service.See the column titled, "Marketed products through Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) (farms)" to find the number of farms that answered yes to the question, "At any time during 2007, did this operation market products through a community supported agriculture (CSA) arrangement?"See also: 2007 USDA Census of Agriculture Publications
  • Unraveling the CSA Number Conundrum(link is external). McFadden, Steven. The Call of the Land. Blog. January 9, 2012.
  • 2009 Survey of Community Supported Agriculture Producers(link is external). (July 2009) Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky. Analysis of survey findings on the business and marketing practices of 205 CSA farms in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia.
  • CSA 2001: An Evolving Platform for Ecological and Economical Agricultural Marketing and Production(link is external). (2005) University of Massachusetts. Analysis and update of previous surveys, with emphasis on the U.S. Northeast.
  • CSA Across the Nation: Findings from the 1999 CSA Survey(link is external). (2003) Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems (CIAS), College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Provides the first comprehensive portrait of the CSA movement in the US. Findings from a 1999 national "census" survey show commonalities and diversity among CSA farms.
  • Community Supported Agriculture Entering the 21st Century: Results from the 2001 National Survey(link is external). (undated) D. Less, A. Bevis, G.W. Stevenson, J. Hendrickson, and K. Ruhf. Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems (CIAS), College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Presents the results of a 2001 survey of 300 Community Supported Agriculture farms in 43 U.S. states. Continues the 1999 survey as described in the report CSA Across the Nation: Findings from the 1999 CSA Survey, above.
  • Community Supported Agriculture in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Results of a Shareholder Survey and Farmer Interviews(link is external). (2004) L. Oberholtzer. Future Harvest-CASA. Research from the Small Farm Success Project.
  • Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) in the Midwest United States: A Regional Characterization(link is external). (2005) Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture.
  • Community Supported Agriculture on the Central Coast: The CSA Member Experience(link is external). (2003) Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems (CASFS), University of California.
  • Marketing Your Organic Products. In Final Results of the 4th National Organic Farmers Survey: Sustaining Organic Farms in a Changing Organic Marketplace(link is external). p. 48-51. (2004) Organic Farming Research Foundation (OFRF). Survey conducted in 2002.

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Where to Find More Information

  • Publications, guides and tools from the Cooperative Extension Service.(link is external)

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Search AGRICOLA, the National Agricultural Library (NAL) Catalog.

AGRICOLA (AGRICultural Online Access) is a bibliographic database of citations to the agricultural literature created by the National Agricultural Library (NAL) and its cooperators. Records describe publications and resources encompassing all aspects of agriculture and allied disciplines. [Learn more about AGRICOLA.]

  1. Search AGRICOLA:
    • Find books, articles, electronic documents and other formats.
    • Example search terms / phrases: ("community supported agriculture") OR ("community supported farm?") OR ("CSA farm?") OR ("subscription farm?") OR (teikei)
  2. Subject browse in AGRICOLA:
    • Articles: Subject Search Then, select the Subject tab. Enter: "community supported agriculture" and select "hit the Enter key.
    • Books: Subject Search. Then, select the Subject tab. Enter: "community supported agriculture" and hit the Enter key.

Review Community Supported Agriculture - Automated Database Searches to search additional resources.

Additional Information for Farmers

  • "Community Supported Agriculture(link is external)," Unit 3.0 In Teaching Direct Marketing and Small Farm Viability: Resources for Instructors 2nd Edition. (2015) Center for Agroecology & Sustainable Food Systems, University of California, Santa Cruz.
  • CSA project reports from the SARE database of funded projects(link is external). 1. Select "Advanced Keyword" Search Option, check "CSA" in the Economic/Marketing category, then select Search. Or, 2. Select "Advanced Keyword" Search Option, select Phrase Search, enter the search string Community Supported Agriculture, then select Search.
  • Guide to Financing the Community Supported Farm. Ways for Farms to Acquire Capital Within Communities(link is external). University of Vermont Center for Sustainable Agriculture, University of Vermont Extension. 2012. 62 p. Describes alternative financial arrangements and basic legal issues to consider for community supported farm development.
  • Local Harvest: A Multifarm CSA Handbook.(link is external) (Revised 2010)
  • Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE)(link is external). SARE resources include Marketing Strategies for Farmers and Ranchers; and Building a Sustainable Business: A Guide to Developing a Business Plan for Farms and Rural Businesses.

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Community Food Systems: Farm-to-School, Food Circles, and Farmers’ Markets

  • Local Food Systems. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center.
  • Community Food Systems. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Food and Nutrition Information Center. Links to dozens of publications, programs and Web sites.
  • Farmer's Markets. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. Includes a state-by-state directory.
  • Food Security Learning Center(link is external). World Hunger Year (WHY)
  • Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues. 2010. S. Martinez, M. Hand, M. DaPra, S. Pollack, K. Ralston, et. al. 2010. USDA. Economic Research Service. "'This overview of local food systems explores alternative definitions of local food, estimates market size and reach, describes the characteristics of local consumers and producers, and examines early indications of the economic and health impacts of local food systems."

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The Sustainable/Organic Agriculture Connection

Information from USDA

The U.S. Department of Agriculture supports three major programs that offer sustainable agriculture information and assistance. Whether you are a farmer, an educator or a researcher seeking more information about sustainable agriculture in general, about a specific crop, or help with a specific problem, these programs can help. Contact information for each program and a description of each program's area of specialization are provided below.

  • Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program Provides grant opportunities; maintains diverse portfolio of research projects; synthesizes research results and on-farm experiences to develop books, introductory bulletins and educator guides.       
    • See: What is Sustainable Agriculture?(link is external)
  • ATTRA - The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service(link is external), a program of the National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) National information service answers questions about specific farming practices and innovative marketing approaches, including organic production.
  • Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC) Collects, organizes and distributes information on alternative agriculture and provides high-level searching and reference services from the National Agricultural Library's vast collection and world-wide databases.
    • See: Sustainable Agriculture: Definitions and Terms. (1999)
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