農民社區支持農業 (CSA) 資源指南
原始資料來源：Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Resource Guide for Farmers
更新日期：2026-02-21（Updated: February 21, 2026）
什麼是社區支持型農業（What is Community Supported Agriculture）？
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a production and marketing model whereby consumers buy shares of a farm’s harvest in advance. Consumers become CSA members by paying an agreed amount at the beginning of the growing season, either in one lump sum or in installments. The annual cost, generally ranging from $400-$700, depends on the length of the harvest season and the variety and quantity of products provided. This upfront payment helps buy the seed and other inputs needed for the season and provides the farmer an immediate income to begin the season. By paying at the beginning of the season, CSA members share in the risk of production and relieve the farmer of much of the time needed for marketing. This allows the farmer to concentrate on good land stewardship and growing high quality food.
社區支持農業（CSA）是一種生產與行銷模式，消費者透過預先購買農場收成的股份來參與其中。消費者在生長季節開始時支付約定的金額（可一次付清或分期付款），即可成為 CSA 會員。年度費用通常介於 400 至 700 美元（約台幣 12,725 ~ 22, 269）之間，具體金額取決於收成季節的長短，以及所提供產品的種類與數量。這筆預付款有助於購買當季所需的種子及其他生產投入物，並為農民提供立即的收入以展開耕作。透過在季節開始時付款，CSA會員分擔了生產風險，並減輕了農民在行銷方面所需的大部分時間。這使農民能夠專注於妥善管理土地，並種植高品質的食物。
In return for their membership fee, consumers receive a variety of freshly picked vegetables (usually organic) every week. Some CSAs also offer fruits, herbs, meats, eggs, dairy, cut flowers, and other products. Consumer-members eat healthy, sustainably produced food and have the satisfaction of knowing where it came from and how it was grown. Many CSAs offer on-farm social and educational activities for members, further strengthening their connection to the land and with the farmers who feed them.
作為會員費的回報，消費者每週都能獲得各式新鮮採摘的蔬菜（通常是有機的）。部分 CSA 也提供水果、香草、肉類、雞蛋、乳製品、切花及其他產品。消費者會員享用健康、永續生產的食物，並能滿足於了解食物來源與種植方式。許多 CSA 為會員提供農場內的社交及教育活動，進一步加強他們與土地及農民的連結。
The CSA concept originated in Japan in the 1960s by a group of women concerned with the use of pesticides, the increase in processed and imported food, and the loss of farmers and farmland. By the early 1970s, farmers and consumers in several European countries, concerned about the industrialization of their food system, created the CSA model that we know today. The first CSA in the U.S. was created in Massachusetts in 1984. Today there are over 2,500 CSAs in the United States. North Carolina has over 100 CSAs, and more are created every year as interest from both consumers and farmers grows.
CSA 概念起源於 1960 年代日本，由一群關注農藥使用、加工與進口食品增加，以及農民和農地流失的女性所發起。到了 1970 年代初，幾個歐洲國家的農民和消費者因擔憂其食品系統的工業化，創造了我們今天所知的 CSA 模式。美國第一個 CSA 於 1984 年在麻薩諸塞州成立。如今美國有超過 2,500 個 CSA。北卡羅來納州有超過 100 個 CSA，且隨著消費者與農民興趣的增加，每年還會陸續新增。
誰來發起 CSA（Who Can Start a CSA）？
- Producer-Initiated CSAs – the majority of CSAs are started by farmers interested in alternative marketing and strengthening their connection to consumers
生產者發起的 CSA－大多數 CSA 由有意推動替代行銷並加強與消費者連結的農民發起 - Member-Initiated CSAs – a group of interested consumers works together to find a local farmer to produce their food
會員發起的 CSAs－群有興趣的消費者共同尋找當地農夫來生產他們的食物 - Multiple-Producer CSAs – several farmers band together to provide consumers with a wide variety of products
多生產者 CSAs－多家農民聯合起來，為消費者提供多樣產品 - Organization-Initiated CSAs – organizations such as businesses, churches, schools, etc. offer an existing community of consumers that forms a CSA
組織發起的 CSA－企業、教會、學校等組織提供一個既有的消費者社群，形成 CSA
如何開始（How to Get Started）？
- Meet with Potential Members
與潛在會員會面 - Establish a Core Group
建立核心小組 - Develop a Business Plan
制定商業計畫 - Create a Budget
制定預算
與潛在會員會面（Meet with Potential Members）
- Start with the people you know best: friends, family, neighbors, colleagues, etc.
從你最熟悉的人開始：朋友、家人、鄰居、同事等等。 - Existing groups or communities (environmental groups, businesses, churches, community action organizations, health food stores, fitness centers, schools, civic organizations, etc.) are a perfect place to find members; use their meetings and newsletters as way to spread the word about CSA and recruit members
現有的團體或社區（環保團體、企業、教會、社區行動組織、健康食品店、健身中心、學校、公民組織等）是尋找成員的理想場所，利用他們的會議和電子報來宣傳 CSA 並招募會員
建立核心團隊（Establish a Core Group）
- The core group is comprised of the farmer(s) plus several consumer members and is responsible for working out the details of the CSA
核心小組由農民及數位消費者成員組成，負責制定 CSA 的細節 - Core groups broaden ownership, spread the workload, and decrease the chance for farmer burnout; much of the organizing work of a CSA can be done by a core group
核心團體擴大所有權範圍、分散工作量，並降低農民倦怠的風險；CSA 的大部分組織工作都可以由核心團體完成 - The core group generally does NOT deal with farm-based decisions – these are left to the farmer
核心團隊通常不處理農場決策－這些決策由農民自行處理 - Activities may include crop selection, helping determine share prices, payment schedules, organizing distribution, volunteer activities, newsletters, special events, etc.
活動可能包括作物選擇、協助決定股價、付款時程、組織分發、志工活動、電子報、特別活動等。
制定商業計畫與預算（Develop a Business Plan and Budget）
- Both done by the farmer
這兩件事都是農民做的 - Budget should meet the true costs of production and organizational costs and provide a fair salary for the farmer
預算應涵蓋生產與組織成本的真實成本，並為農民提供公平薪資 - Capital expenses – land, equipment, structures, tools, irrigation, etc.
資本支出－土地、設備、結構、工具、灌溉等。 - Labor expenses – farmer and worker salary and benefits, FICA, workers’ comp, etc.
勞動費用－農民與工人薪資及福利、FICA、勞工補償等。 - Operating expenses – seeds, plants, water, taxes, fuel, soil amendments, supplies, etc.
營運費用－種子、植物、水、稅金、燃料、土壤改良劑、物資等。 - North Carolina Organic Vegetable Production Cost Study
北卡羅來納州有機蔬菜生產成本研究 - Web Resources for Farm Business Planning
農場商業規劃的網路資源
- Share prices, amounts of produce distributed, and length of season vary among CSAs
各 CSA 的股價、分配的農產品數量及季節長度各異 - Most CSAs offer full shares and half shares
大多數 CSA 提供全股及半股 - Half shares usually cost more than half the cost of a full share
半股成本通常高於全股一半 - Decide on length of season before setting price
在定價前先決定配送期的長度 - Most local CSAs charge from $400-$700 per year for a full share
大多數地方 CSA 每年全額分成收費介於 400 至 700 美元之間 - Some CSAs offer a choice of paying in installments
部分 CSA 提供分期付款選項
- The biggest contributing factor to CSA burnout and failure is setting the share price too low
導致 CSA 倦怠與失敗的最大因素，是股價設定過低 - A waiting list indicates that people will pay more for a share
等待名單表示人們願意為一份股份支付更多 - If members are complaining about getting too much food or lots of people are splitting shares, the share size is probably too big
如果會員抱怨食物太多，或很多人分成股份，那份額可能太大了
- Sell at market price
以市價出售 - Approximate market value
近似市場價值 - Calculate costs
計算成本 - Established community farm model
既定的社區農場模式
- Most farmers use this method
大多數農民採用此方法 - Charge members a set amount (usually $15-$20 a week), then give them a share of produce which would cost them that amount if they bought it elsewhere – usually use farmers’ market prices to determine value
向會員收取固定費用（通常每週 15 至 20 美元），然後提供給他們一份農產品，這份農產品若在其他地方購買，價格約為該金額－通常以農夫市集的價格作為定價依據
- Estimate how much a family spends on veggies for the season (consider where they currently purchase them) – this is the share price
估算一個家庭在當季蔬菜上的花費（考慮他們目前在哪裡購買）－這就是股價 - Decide on what you want your income to be (you need to know what your farm can produce and its supply and labor requirements)
決定你想要的收入（你需要知道農場能生產什麼、供應和勞動需求） - Divide the gross income by the share price to come up with the number of shares you can offer
將毛收入除以股價，即可計算出您可出售的股份數量 - Example – if members spend about $600 for 9 months of veggies, and your goal is to earn $24,000, you need to sell 40 shares
舉例來說－如果會員花約 600 美元買 9 個月的蔬菜，而你的目標是賺取 24,000 美元，你需要賣出 40 股
- This method takes more time but provides detailed accounting for farmers and members
此方法花費較多時間，但能為農民與會員提供詳細的帳目 - First decide how many shares you can produce from your land, and then figure the costs for raising that amount (include farmer and worker labor for growing, harvesting, distributing, and ALL production costs)
首先決定你能從土地生產多少份額，然後計算籌集這些比例的成本（包括農夫和工人的勞動力，包括種植、收割、分配，以及所有生產成本） - Divide the farm budget by the number of shares and you have the share price
將農場預算除以股票數量，即為股價
- Farmer works with members to determine overall budget and share price Farmer
與會員合作，決定整體預算與股價 - Requires a very committed community, but provides for real costs of production from year to year
需要非常投入的社群，但每年都能提供實際的生產成本 - Farmer calculates income requirements, production costs, and farm expenses for the year – full cost of farm operation
農民計算年度收入需求、生產成本及農場支出－農場營運的全部成本 - When the total farm and farmer needs are determined, that figure is divided by the number of current or potential members
當確定農場及農民總需求時，該數字會除以現有或潛在會員人數 - Example: share price would be $650 if the total farm budget is $65,000 and there are currently or potentially 100 members
舉例：若農場總預算為 65,000 美元，且目前或可能有 100 名成員，股價為 650 美元 - Works best if number of members is high
當成員數量多時效果最佳
- Full payment at beginning of season minimizes bookkeeping and assures income
開始配送前全額付款減少簿記工作，確保收入 - Many CSAs offer payment plans to increase accessibility to low-income members
許多 CSA 提供分期付款計畫，以提升低收入會員的可及性 - Some CSAs subsidize or donate shares to low-income families or homeless shelters
部分 CSA 會補助或捐贈股份給低收入家庭或無家可歸者收容所
工作會員資格（Working Memberships）
- Some CSAs offer a few work-share memberships to members who work on the farm a certain number of hours each week
部分 CSA 會提供部分工作共享會員資格，供每週在農場工作一定時數的會員 - The work-share membership may cover all or part of the cost of a share
工作分享會員資格可能涵蓋部分或全部股份成本
- A unique characteristic of CSA is the concept of shared risk between the farmer and the members
CSA 的一大特色是農民與會員之間共同承擔風險的概念 - Some CSA producers write a statement explaining that they will grow vegetables for a certain time period to the best of their ability under the conditions of that upcoming season, and that the members agree to share the risk and are expected to contribute their share price no matter what the season brings
部分 CSA 生產者會撰寫聲明，說明他們將在該季節的條件下盡力種植蔬菜一段時間，並同意分擔風險，無論季節如何，都應出資 - CSAs generally do not refund money in the event of crop loss
CSA 通常不會在作物損失時退還款項
招募會員（Recruiting Members）
- Best advertising is word of mouth, open houses, field days, group presentations
最好的宣傳方式是口碑、開放日、田間日、團體簡報 - Brochures should explain the concept of CSA; the benefits of CSA; the story, vision, and goals of your CSA; what products members can receive (how, when, where); share price; how members can join; and whom to contact for more information
手冊應該說明 CSA 的概念、CSA 的好處、CSA 的故事、願景與目標、會員可獲得哪些產品（如何、何時、在哪裡）、股價、會員如何加入、以及如需更多資訊的聯絡人 - Try to provide a harvest schedule and an idea of what may be included in each delivery (early-season, mid-season, late-season)
盡量提供收成時間表，以及每次送貨可能包含的內容（早季、中季、晚季）
留住會員（Retaining Members）
- Many CSAs have a high turnover rate, losing between 25-70% of their members each season
許多 CSA 流動率高，每季流失會員約 25%至 70% - CSAs that encourage shareholder participation on the farm have better retention
鼓勵股東參與農場的 CSA 會帶來更好的留存率
留住會員的建議（Tips for Retaining Members）
- Make the farm feel like a second home – communal workdays, social events, youth activities, etc.
讓農場感覺像第二個家－有共同工作日、社交活動、青少年活動等等。 - Educate members – provide them with a schedule of when to expect their shares of certain fruits and vegetables
教育會員－提供他們一份預期吃水果和蔬菜的時間表 - Dig out your best recipes; offer classes on canning and storing
翻出你最拿手的食譜；開設罐頭製作與食品保存課程 - Renew memberships in the fall, rather than waiting until spring
秋季續約會員資格，而非等到春天 - Decide what the “Top 10” vegetables are for your area and increase the quantity and length of season of these (e.g., carrots, lettuce, corn, greens, tomatoes, broccoli, green beans, onions, potatoes, etc.)
決定你所在地區的「十大」蔬菜，並增加這些蔬菜的數量和季節長度（例如胡蘿蔔、生菜、玉米、青葉蔬菜、番茄、花椰菜、四季豆、洋蔥、馬鈴薯等）。 - Continue the newsletter during the winter months, to help members stay connected
冬季持續發行電子報，幫助會員保持聯繫 - Select varieties for eating quality
選擇品種以求食用品質 - Grow something different, like cut flowers, mushrooms, and berries
種些不同的東西，比如切花、蘑菇和漿果 - Perform end-of-the-year surveys, and use these to help plan next year’s crop
進行年終調查，並利用這些調查來協助規劃明年的作物
會員回饋（Member Feedback）
- Conduct end-of-the-season surveys (be sure to provide feedback to members on the survey results)
進行季末調查（務必對調查結果回饋會員） - Provide suggestion/comments box at the pick-up site
請在取件地點提供建議或意見欄
會員教育（Member Education）
- Important part of the success of CSA – how to eat seasonally and locally
CSA 成功的重要部分——如何依季節性與在地食材飲食 - Many people today are not accustomed to preparing and eating fresh food, so direct communication from the farmer can help members transition from the supermarket model to the CSA model
現今許多人不習慣準備和食用新鮮食物，因此農民的直接溝通能幫助會員從超市模式過渡到 CSA 模式 - Special events on the farm
農場上的特別活動 - Newsletters
電子報 - Cookbooks
食譜 - Food books for regional CSAs
區域 CSA 的飲食書籍
電子報（Newsletters）
- Try to provide weekly or bi-weekly throughout growing season – don’t need to be elaborate
在生長季節期間，盡量每週或每兩週提供一次－不需要太複雜 - Provide a list of what’s in the week’s harvest
提供一份本週收成的清單 - Info on how to wash, store, prepare, and preserve produce
關於如何清洗、儲存、準備及保存農產品的資訊 - Recipes and nutritional information
食譜與營養資訊 - Farm updates – crops, weather, pests, yields, what produce will be coming in
農場最新消息－作物、天氣、害蟲、產量、將要進來的農產品 - Encourage members to help with newsletter
鼓勵會員協助電子報
社群建設活動（Community-Building Events）
- Offer a variety of events 提供多元活動 Know your members’ ages, families, and interests
了解會員的年齡、家庭和興趣 - Schedule and promote events early in the season
在配送初期安排並推廣活動 - Have food as the central theme of all events
以美食作為所有活動的核心主題 - Provide hands-on and participatory activities
提供實作與參與式活動 - Incorporate animals into the event
將動物納入活動 - Potlucks
聚餐 - Farm field days and work days
農場田間日與工作日 - Seasonal festivals
季節性節慶 - Educational workshops
教育工作坊 - Youth education activities
青少年教育活動
CSA 作物生產：種植經驗（Crop Production for CSA: Growing Experience）
- Farmers must have experience in growing large quantities of lots of different vegetables before signing up any members
農民在招募會員之前，必須具備大量種植多種不同蔬菜的經驗 - The more experience you have, the more stable and secure your members’ food supply will be!
您的經驗越豐富，會員的糧食供應就越穩定、越有保障！
會員想要什麼（What do Members Want）？
- Members prefer the traditional, basic, and familiar veggies they are accustomed to buying (small amounts of exotic produce are welcome!)
會員們偏好那些他們習慣購買的傳統、基本且熟悉的蔬菜（少量異國蔬果也是歡迎的！） - Fruit is in high demand
水果需求量很大 - Most members do not favor large quantities each week – members sometimes drop out of CSAs because they feel overwhelmed by the amount of vegetables
大多數會員並不喜歡每週收到大量蔬菜－有時會員會退出社區支持農業（CSA）計畫，因為他們覺得蔬菜的份量讓他們應接不暇 - Members generally prefer wide variety rather than a large quantity
會員通常更偏好種類繁多，而非數量龐大 - High-quality, clean produce
高品質、乾淨的農產品
我應該分配多少（How Much Should I Distribute）？
- Weekly shares vary in size and variety over the course of the season
每週分享的數量和種類在季節中有所不同 - Typical CSAs offer an average of 10 pounds of produce each week (may range from 5 pounds/week early in the season up to 20 pounds/week in late summer) 典型的 CSA 每週平均提供 10 磅（約 4.5 公斤）
農產品（季節初約 2.27 公斤，夏末約 9 公斤） - Aim for 5-12 different types of produce each week
每週目標是提供 5 到 12 種不同類型的農產品
播種與收成量（Planting and Harvest Amounts）
- The best way to determine how much to plant for your desired yield is to measure and record the production on your own farm over several years
判斷所需種植量以達到理想產量的最佳方式，是測量並記錄自己農場多年產量 - Farm Planning and Record keeping – visit this webpage to download Excel spreadsheets to help with crop scheduling
農場規劃與記錄－請造訪此網頁下載 Excel 試算表，協助作物排程
選擇多樣性（Selecting Varieties）
- Plant a number of different varieties of each crop in succession to provide a long harvest season
依序種植多種不同品種的作物，以確保收成季節較長 - Heirloom varieties are usually popular
傳家品種通常很受歡迎 - Choose varieties based on flavor
根據風味選擇品種 - Vegetable Variety List
蔬菜品種列表 - Web Resources for Vegetable Production
蔬菜生產的網路資源 - Consult the Seed Section of the Grower Resource List for sources of vegetable seeds, including organic and heirloom seeds
請參閱種植者資源清單的種子區，查詢蔬菜種子來源，包括有機種子及傳家種子
訂定種植計畫（Develop a Crop Plan）
- A well-thought out crop plan is absolutely essential to a successful
CSA 一個深思熟慮的作物計畫對成功的 CSA 絕對不可或缺 - Succession planting is critical!
演替種植至關重要！ - Spread out the harvests so members don’t receive all of the crop at once
分散收成，避免成員一次收到所有收成 - Use season extension techniques to lengthen the season
使用季節延長技巧來延長季節 - Planting and Harvesting Guide for Piedmont Vegetables and Herbs
皮埃蒙特蔬菜與香草的種植與採收指南 - Farm Planning and Recordkeeping – visit this webpage to download Excel spreadsheets to help with crop scheduling
農場規劃與記錄－請造訪此網頁下載 Excel 試算表，協助作物排程 - Scheduling Vegetable Plantings for Continuous Harvest
排程蔬菜種植以實現連續收割 - Resources for Season Extension
賽季延長資源
配送（Distribution）
- On-farm pick-up
農場自取 - Central distribution site
中央配送中心 - Farmers’ market distribution
農夫市集取貨 - Home delivery
宅配 - Bulk distribution
批發 - Some CSAs offer a choice of 1-2 days to accommodate a variety of schedules
部分社區支持農業（CSA）計畫提供 1 至 2 天的取貨時段，以配合各種不同的行程安排
其他的 CSA 產品（Other CSA Products）
- Cut flowers
切花 - Baked and canned goods
烘焙與罐頭食品 - Poultry and eggs
家禽與雞蛋 - Meat and dairy products
肉類與乳製品 - Fiber
纖維 - Honey and beeswax products
蜂蜜與蜂蠟產品
引進其他農場的產品（Supplementing Products from Other Farms）
- Benefits
優點- Increased diversity of products
產品多樣性提升 - Reduced risk
風險降低 - One-stop shopping convenience
一站式購物便利
- Increased diversity of products
- Drawbacks
缺點- Extra labor
額外勞動 - Extra bookkeeping
額外的簿記 - Increased costs
成本增加
- Extra labor
引進產品的考量（Considerations for Supplementing Products）
- Adjustment of share prices
股價調整 - Partnership with local farms
與當地農場的合作 - Maintaining philosophy of CSA
維護 CSA 的理念 - Delivery schedules and storage
配送時程與儲存 - Liability
責任
增加多樣性而不需補充的方法（Ways of Increasing Diversity Without Supplementing）
- Distribution at local cooperatives
透過當地合作社進行分銷 - Distribution at farmers’ markets
農夫市集的銷售
CSA 資源（CSA Resources）
- Grower Resource List
種植者資源清單 - Books on Community Supported Agriculture
社區支持農業相關書籍 - North Carolina Community Supported Agriculture Farms
北卡羅來納州社區支持農業農場
* Portions of this guide were adapted from Iowa State University’s CSA Resource Publication.
本指南部分內容改編自愛荷華州立大學的 CSA 資源出版物。
本文作者（WRITTEN BY）
Debbie Roos
黛比魯斯
Extension Agent, Agriculture - Sustainable / Organic ProductionN.C.
農業推廣代理 - 永續/有機生產北卡羅來納州
Cooperative Extension, Chatham County Center
查塔姆郡中心合作推廣